The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes Covid-19 infection in humans is thought to be primarily a respiratory virus. However, it is seen to affect many other organs besides the lungs. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has a spike protein that attaches itself to ACE-2 receptors in the human body. ACE-2 receptors are plentiful in the human body. They are primarily found in the lungs, heart, blood vessels, kidneys, liver, and the gastrointestinal tract. So it is very likely that apart from the lungs any other organ that has the ACE-2 receptors can be infected and damaged by the virus. Though the disease causes mild symptoms in most of the affected individuals, some go on to have long-term side effects from the illness - the 'long haulers.' From patients who have recovered from Covid we are learning of disease sequelae that go much beyond the lungs. The BMJ (British Medical Journal, April 2021) published a research paper with the following objective- "To evaluate the excess risk and relati...
There has been tremendous controversy recently about the "Asymptomatic Patient" - who are they and can they spread Corona virus infection? To understand the terminology in its context, let us look at three different but closely related situations - 1. The Mildly Symptomatic Patient - This patient of confirmed Covid-19 has mild symptoms like fever, occasional cough or mild breathlessness. They gradually recover without any specialized treatment. 2. The Pre-Symptomatic Patient - These patients have been recently infected, have currently no symptoms, but will gradually develop them. They can transmit infection during this incubation period. This is usually about a week from contracting the infection, but could be up to two weeks. 3. The Asymptomatic Patient - This is a confirmed case of Covid-19 who never develops any symptom. What makes this disease pursue a relentless and fatal path in some patients and leaves many practically untouched is still ...
Nasal Polypectomy Nasal polypectomy is a surgical procedure used to remove nasal polyps, which are noncancerous growths that can develop in the lining of the nose or sinuses. Nasal polyps can cause a range of symptoms, including nasal congestion, runny nose, facial pain, and loss of smell. In severe cases, they can also cause difficulty in breathing and sleep apnoea. Before undergoing a nasal polypectomy, it is important for patients to understand the procedure and what to expect during and after the surgery. This guide will provide an overview of nasal polypectomy and the steps involved in the procedure. Preparation for Surgery: Before the surgery, patients will meet with their ENT doctor to discuss their medical history, current medications, and any allergies they may have. They may also undergo imaging tests, such as a CT scan or MRI, to provide a detailed view of the nasal cavity and sinuses. A nasal endoscopy is usually performed as an OPD procedure. On the day of t...
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